As summer winds down, you might be realizing that you’ve soaked up a bit more sun than intended. If you’re grappling with red, burning and uncomfortably warm skin after a day by the pool, you’re likely dealing with a sunburn. Sorry to break it to you, but that burn won’t magically transform into a tan. While a temporary bronzed glow might seem like a sign of a healthy tan, it’s far from it. A true, healthy tan can never be achieved from an initial sunburn. So, what’s the real difference between a sunburn and a tan, and why is it crucial for maintaining your skin’s health as summer’s UV rays linger? Let’s find out. 

What is a sunburn?

"A sunburn is a reaction caused by overexposure to UV, commonly marked by erythema discomfort, heat and, in more severe cases, blistering and peeling,” says Beth Bialko, esthetician and Bioelements Senior Director of Education. “Sunburns can affect all skin types and tones and damage the skin by inducing dehydration and compromising the skin’s strength and elasticity.”

Essentially, this reaction is your body’s way of signaling that it’s been damaged. As your skin heals, it peels off the damaged top layer, which can be uncomfortable and dry.

What is a tan?

On the flip side, a tan is your skin’s defense mechanism in response to UV radiation. When exposed, your skin’s melanocytes (the cells responsible for pigment) go into overdrive, producing melanin and gradually darkening your skin. 

“The melanin forms a cap, like an umbrella, over the nucleus of the skin cell to protect it and inhibit further damage,” says Bialko. “The amount of melanin will vary depending on genetic factors which is why we see people that tan in varying degrees.”

While a tan might look like a healthy glow, it’s still a sign that your skin has been overexposed to UV rays and is trying to defend itself against damage.

Does a sunburn turn into a tan?

Here's the scoop: a sunburn does not become a tan. The notion that you need to burn before you tan is not only incorrect but harmful. 

“A sunburn and a tan are two different reactions to UV,” explains Bialko. “A sunburn is the result of acute damage to the skin due to immediate overexposure to UV rays and does not transition into a tan. A tan is a more gradual process that develops as the skin responds to UV and tries to shield it from further harm. ”

Why does a healed sunburn look like a tan? As the sunburn heals, the damaged skin cells are replaced with new ones and this “new” skin may have more melanin present giving the skin tone somewhat of a darker appearance. Though you might notice your skin darkening slightly as it heals from a burn, they’re not the same thing. A tan develops over time with consistent UV exposure, whereas a sunburn is an immediate reaction to too much sun.

How can I prevent a sunburn?

Want to avoid becoming a crispy critter? Keep these tips in mind: 

• Limit unprotected sun exposure

• Wear protective clothing – like a hat or sunglasses

• Stay hydrated

• Be aware of reflective surfaces – like water, snow and sand – which can intensify UV exposure

• Apply a minimum of SPF 30 liberally and often while exposed to the sun

Many believe SPF prevents tanning altogether, but that’s a myth. While sunscreen protects your skin from burning and slows down the tanning process, it doesn’t stop it entirely. You can still get a tan while wearing sunscreen – just more gradually and safely!

What are some post-burn practices to avoid?

 A safe tan is about moderation. But beware: continuing to tan after a burn is a big no-no. It can worsen damage, delay healing and put you at risk for serious skin issues like premature aging and skin cancer.

Peeling sunburned skin might seem like a chance to shed dead cells, but picking at it can lead to infections and prolonged recovery. It’s best to let your skin heal naturally and use soothing lotions to help with the discomfort.

Ultimately, a tan is your skin’s way of saying it’s been exposed to UV rays, and while it might not be as dramatic as a sunburn, it still means damage has occurred. Understanding these differences can help you make smarter choices about sun exposure and keep your skin looking great and feeling better.